A WEB BASED 8-PUZZLE EDUCATIONAL GAME FOR RECOGNIZING SULAWESI’S ENDEMIC ANIMALS USING THE BFS ALGORITHM

Mutmainnah Muchtar; Karmila Alamsyah Wellem

doi:10.23960/jitet.v13i3S1.8092

Authors

Mutmainnah Muchtar http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-5375
Karmila Alamsyah Wellem Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam Enam Kendari

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/jitet.v13i3S1.8092

Abstract Views: 171 File Views: 72

Keywords:

8-Puzzle, BFS, Breadth-First Search, Educational Game, Sulawesi's Endemic Animal

Abstract

The advancement of AI (artificial intelligence) has provided new opportunities to enhance learning through interactive digital media. This study presents the development of a web based 8-Puzzle educational game designed to introduce Sulawesi’s endemic animals using the BFS (Breadth First Search) algorithm. The system was developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and tested in a web browser environment on Windows 11. The waterfall method was applied during system development. Black-box testing ensured that all functions, such as shuffle, reset, navigation, and information display, operated correctly. Performance evaluation was carried out on 12 puzzle configurations, measuring solution steps, nodes expanded, and execution time. The results show that the BFS algorithm effectively solved all puzzles with optimal accuracy, producing solution times ranging from 1 ms to 140 ms depending on puzzle complexity. This research demonstrates how AI algorithms can be integrated into educational games to promote both problem solving skills and environmental awareness.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

T. E. Coleman and A. G. Money, “Student-centred digital game–based learning: a conceptual framework and survey of the state of the art,” High Educ (Dordr), vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 415–457, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10734-019-00417-0.

J. Y. Sari, Y. P. Pasrun, M. Muchtar, R. Karim, and R. A. Saputra, “Development of Multimedia-Based Online Learning Media for Class VI Students of SDN 105 Kendari,” MEKONGGA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2024, doi: 10.69616/mekongga.v1i1.170.

M. H. Hussein, S. H. Ow, L. S. Cheong, M. K. Thong, and N. Ale Ebrahim, “Effects of Digital Game-Based Learning on Elementary Science Learning: A Systematic Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 62465–62478, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2916324.

S. Rifky et al., Artificial Intelligence: Teori dan Penerapan AI di Berbagai Bidang. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024.

H. Mustafidah and B. Nurdiyansah, “Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Penyelesaian Puzzle 8 Angka Menggunakan Metode Hill Climbing,” vol. 16, no. 1, 2019.

S. J. Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th ed. United Kingdom: Pearson Education, 2021. [Online]. Available: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com

G. B. Balogun, D. Ibisagba, A. Bajeh, T. O. Debo, A. Muyideen, and O. J. Peter, “Comparative analysis of AI-based search algorithms in solving 8 puzzle problems,” Bull Natl Res Cent, vol. 48, no. 1, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1186/s42269-024-01274-3.

I. Ivanochko, M. GregušMl, and S. Treiová, “Optimizing the 15 Puzzle with AI: Comparative analysis of breadth-first and depth-first search algorithms,” in Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier B.V., 2025, pp. 57–64. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2025.07.156.

N. M. Diah, S. Riza, S. Ahmad, N. Musa, and S. Hashim, “Sudoku solutions: a comparative analysis of breadth-first search, depth-first search, and human approaches,” Journal of Education and Learning, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 561–569, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21214.

S. Yahya, A. Alifah, and A. A. Kusumasari, “Pengembangan Serius Game Pada Pengenalan Fauna di Taman Nasional Bali Barat,” Journal of Art, Design, Art Education & Culture Studies, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024.

A. Agung Saputra, F. Nonggala Putra, and R. Darma Rusdian Yusron, “Pembuatan Game Edukasi Pengenalan Kebudayaan Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) Berbasis Android,” 2022.

M. Christita et al., “Pendidikan Konservasi Satwa Endemik Sulawesi Anoa (Bubalus spp.) Melalui Anoa School Outreach di Sulawesi Utara,” in Proceedings of the Seminar Nasional Biologi Inovasi Penelitian dan Pembelajaran Biologi II (IP2B II), Surabaya, Feb. 2018, pp. 69–74.

A. M. Tianti and R. C. P. Fanani, “Implementasi Algoritma A* untuk Stimulasi Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Permainan 8 Puzzle,” Melek IT Information Technology Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 82–88, 2024.

Saroyo, P. Siahaan, M. L. D. Langoy, and R. Koneri, “Pendidikan Konservasi Satwa Endemik Sulawesi bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kelurahan Batuputih Bawah, Kecamatan Ranowulu, Kota Bitung, Sulawesi Utara,” Vivabio Jurnal Pengabdian Multidisiplin, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 26–32, Dec. 2019.

F. Firmansyah, M. Rahayu, and G. Ginanjar, “Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Konservasi melalui E-Modul Keanekaragaman Hayati di Cagar Alam Rawa Danau Berbasis Discovery Learning pada Siswa SMA,” Biosfer: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 58–64, Jun. 2025.

S. L. Pardede, F. R. Athallah, Y. N. Huda, and F. D. Zain, “A Review of Pathfinding in Game Development,” [CEPAT] Journal of Computer Engineering: Progress, Application and Technology, vol. 1, no. 01, p. 47, May 2022, doi: 10.25124/cepat.v1i01.4863.

A. Suswiantara, N. Dzakhwan, A. Fahruddin, M. N. Dzaky, A. Auliana, and T. Setiadi, “Penerapan Algoritma Best First Search (BFS) untuk Penentuan Slot Parkir,” MALCOM: Indonesian Journal of Machine Learning and Computer Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1606–1613, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.57152/malcom.v4i4.1541.

R. Rahim et al., “Congklak, a traditional game solution approach with breadth first search,” in MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Sep. 2018. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201819703007.

N. Ningsi, S. Sunyanti, and S. Sarimuddin, “Perancangan e-Marketplace Maswira (Masyarakat Pesisir berwirausaha) pada Dinas Pertanian dan Perikanan Kab. Bombana,” Jurnal Ilmiah Edutic : Pendidikan dan Informatika, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 51–58, 2021, doi: 10.21107/edutic.v8i1.12064.

E. Bayu Kristanto, S. Andrayana, U. Nasional, J. Sawo Manila, K. Jakarta Selatan, and D. Khusus, “Application of Waterfall SDLC Method in Designing Student’s Web Blog Information System at the National University,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://iocscience.org/ejournal/index.php/mantik

I. Asriani, M. Muchtar, R. R. Ismail, and A. Paliling, “Expert System for Determining Diseases and Pests in Seaweed Using Forward Chaining ( Case Study : Watorumbe Village , Mawasangka Tengah ),” vol. 1, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.69616/mcs.v1i1.175.