SMARTSOIL: SISTEM MONITORING KELEMBABAN TANAH BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) MENGGUNAKAN ESP32 DAN SENSOR SOIL MOISTURE

Abstract

Abstrak. Kelembaban tanah merupakan parameter penting dalam menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman dan pengelolaan irigasi yang optimal. Namun, pemantauan kelembaban tanah yang masih dilakukan secara manual memiliki keterbatasan, seperti kurang akurat, tidak bersifat real-time, serta membutuhkan waktu dan tenaga yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan SMARTSOIL, yaitu sistem monitoring kelembaban tanah berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 dan sensor soil moisture. Metode penelitian meliputi perancangan sistem, pembuatan perangkat keras, pengembangan perangkat lunak, serta pengujian dan kalibrasi sensor. Sensor soil moisture digunakan untuk mendeteksi tingkat kelembaban tanah, kemudian data diproses oleh ESP32 dan ditampilkan melalui LCD OLED serta dikirimkan ke platform IoT untuk pemantauan jarak jauh secara real-time. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu membaca kelembaban tanah pada rentang 18%–82% sesuai kondisi tanah kering hingga basah, dengan kestabilan pembacaan yang baik dan waktu pengiriman data rata-rata 1,1–1,3 detik. Kesimpulannya, sistem SMARTSOIL mampu menyediakan data kelembaban tanah yang akurat dan real-time sehingga layak digunakan sebagai solusi monitoring kelembaban tanah berbasis IoT dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan pengelolaan irigasi tanaman.

Abstract. Soil moisture is an important parameter that plays a crucial role in supporting plant growth and optimal irrigation management. However, soil moisture monitoring that is still conducted manually has several limitations, including low accuracy, lack of real-time capability, and higher time and labor requirements. This research aims to design and implement SMARTSOIL, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil moisture monitoring system using an ESP32 microcontroller and a soil moisture sensor. The research methodology includes system design, hardware development, software development, as well as sensor testing and calibration. The soil moisture sensor is used to detect soil moisture levels, which are then processed by the ESP32 and displayed locally on an OLED LCD, as well as transmitted to an IoT platform for real-time remote monitoring. The experimental results show that the system is able to measure soil moisture levels in the range of 18%–82%, corresponding to dry to wet soil conditions, with stable readings and an average data transmission time of 1.1–1.3 seconds. In conclusion, the SMARTSOIL system is capable of providing accurate and real-time soil moisture data and is suitable to be used as an IoT-based soil moisture monitoring solution to support irrigation management decision-making.