IMPLEMENTASI INTERNET OF THINGS PADA KENDALI PENCAHAYAAN SPEKTRUM DAN MONITORING pH TANAH UNTUK PERAWATAN BONSAI BERINGIN FICUS
Abstract
Perawatan bonsai beringin (Ficus) di dalam ruangan menghadapi dua kendala utama, yaitu keterbatasan intensitas cahaya untuk fotosintesis dan pemantauan derajat keasaman (pH) media tanam yang masih dilakukan secara manual. Penelitian ini merancang dan mengimplementasikan Smart-Bonsai System, yaitu sistem berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) yang mengendalikan pencahayaan spektrum secara otomatis sekaligus memantau pH tanah secara real-time. Sistem dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor cahaya BH1750, sensor pH tanah, modul relay, dan lampu grow light, dengan pengembangan mengikuti model Prototyping. Data sensor dikirim melalui protokol HTTP POST ke basis data MySQL dan divisualisasikan pada dashboard web berbasis PHP Native. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan aktuator grow light aktif secara otomatis ketika intensitas cahaya berada di bawah ambang batas 485 lux hasil kalibrasi empiris, dan padam kembali ketika kebutuhan cahaya terpenuhi. Penerapan Moving Average Filter dengan ukuran jendela N = 3 meredam lonjakan pembacaan pH sebesar 2,1 satuan menjadi hanya 0,6 satuan pada keluaran terfilter. Pengujian transmisi menghasilkan rata-rata waktu respons 4,10 detik tanpa kehilangan paket data, sedangkan pengujian penerimaan pengguna memperoleh skor rata-rata 4,17 dari 5 atau 83,33% dengan kategori sangat baik, sehingga sistem dinilai layak diterapkan pada skala rumah tangga.
The maintenance of banyan bonsai (Ficus) in indoor environments faces two main obstacles, namely the limited light intensity required for photosynthesis and the manual monitoring of the growing medium acidity (pH). This study designs and implements the Smart-Bonsai System, an Internet of Things (IoT) based system that automatically controls spectrum lighting while monitoring soil pH in real time. The system was built using an ESP32 microcontroller, a BH1750 light sensor, a soil pH sensor, a relay module, and a grow light, and was developed following the Prototyping model. Sensor data are transmitted through the HTTP POST protocol into a MySQL database and visualised on a PHP Native web dashboard. The test results show that the grow light actuator is automatically activated when the light intensity falls below the empirically calibrated threshold of 485 lux and switched off once the light requirement is fulfilled. Applying a Moving Average Filter with a window size of N = 3 reduced a pH reading spike of 2.1 units to only 0.6 units in the filtered output. Transmission testing produced an average response time of 4.10 seconds without packet loss, while user acceptance testing obtained an average score of 4.17 out of 5 or 83.33% in the very good category, indicating that the system is feasible for household-scale implementation.
Downloads
References
R. dewi O. Sativa and A. D. Serdani, “Bonsai Beringin Dan Serut Sebagai Alternatif Pendapatan Petani Milenial Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19,” VIABEL J. Ilm. Ilmu-Ilmu Pertan., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 21–28, 2022, doi: 10.35457/viabel.v16i1.1800.
Y. M. Pratama, “Potensi Desa Agrowisata Bonsai Kalurahan Tepus, Kapanewon Tepus, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, D. I. Yogyakarta,” J. Atma Inovasia, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 455–462, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.24002/jai.v3i6.5944.
S. Sugano, M. Ishii, and S. I. Tanabe, “Adaptation of indoor ornamental plants to various lighting levels in growth chambers simulating workplace environments,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67877-y.
Mobilane, “The Importance of Light for Interior Planting.”
R. Chataut, A. Phoummalayvane, and R. Akl, “Unleashing the Power of IoT: A Comprehensive Review of IoT Applications and Future Prospects in Healthcare, Agriculture, Smart Homes, Smart Cities, and Industry 4.0,” Sensors, vol. 23, no. 16, 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23167194.
U. Iot, “Advances in Smart Environment Monitoring Systems Using IoT and Sensors,” 2020.
N. Effendi, W. Ramadhani, and F. Farida, “Perancangan Sistem Penyiraman Tanaman Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Kelembapan Tanah Berbasis IoT,” J. CoSciTech (Computer Sci. Inf. Technol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 91–98, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.37859/coscitech.v3i2.3923.
N. Badruzzaman, H. Bhakti, and O. S. Bachri, “Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Suhu Dan Ph Air Kolam Budidaya Ikan Lele Menggunakan Arduino Esp8266 Dan Arduino Ide,” J. Inform. dan Tek. Elektro Terap., vol. 12, no. 3S1, 2024, doi: 10.23960/jitet.v12i3s1.5355.
Z. R. Tembusai and B. Armando, “Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Tanah Tanaman Hias Berbasis IoT dengan Sensor pH,” J. Minfo Polgan, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 2030–2035, 2024, doi: 10.33395/jmp.v13i2.14364.
P. N. H. Komaria et al., “Automation of Orchid Soil pH Using IoT-Based Soil pH Sensor (SKJ-001),” J. Phys. Soc. Indones., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 98–115, 2025, [Online]. Available: https://journal.fisika.or.id/index.php/jpsi/article/view/47
Melani Widyaningsih, Priswanto, and H. Susilawati, “Peningkatan Produktivitas Tanaman Melalui Sistem Pencahayaan Greenhouse Berbasis Internet of Things,” Techné J. Ilm. Elektrotek., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 189–200, 2025, doi: 10.31358/techne.v24i2.594.
M. Suhairi and Halimah Tuzsakdiah, “Sistem Kontrol Dan Monitoring Intensitas Cahaya dan Suhu Pada Greenhouse BerBasis IoT,” J. Elektro dan Mesin Terap., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 86–93, 2023, doi: 10.35143/elementer.v9i1.5888.
A. R. Al-amin, S. Nugraha, R. Iman, and Paduloh, “APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC WATERING SYSTEM BASED ON SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR FOR BONSAI PLANTS,” Int. J. Soc. Rev., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 245–257, 2026, [Online]. Available: https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOSER/article/view/857
W. Łasocha and M. Badurowicz, “Comparison of WebSocket and HTTP protocol performance,” J. Comput. Sci. Inst., vol. 19, no. January, pp. 67–74, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.35784/jcsi.2452.
T. L. Narayana et al., “Advances in real time smart monitoring of environmental parameters using IoT and sensors,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 7, p. e28195, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28195.
S. A. Arrahma and R. Mukhaiyar, “Pengujian Esp32-Cam Berbasis Mikrokontroler ESP32,” JTEIN J. Tek. Elektro Indones., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 60–66, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.24036/jtein.v4i1.347.
D. Hidayat and P. E. Broto, “Analisis Karakteristik Sensor BH1750 Berbasis Mikrokontroler pada Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya,” J. Sains Fis., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2025, doi: 10.24252/sainfis.v5i2.63950.
S. W. Smith, “Moving Average Filters,” Digit. Signal Process., pp. 277–284, 2003, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7444-7/50052-2.
F. Sinlae, I. Maulana, F. Setiyansyah, and M. Ihsan, “Pengenalan Pemrograman Web: Pembuatan Aplikasi Web Sederhana Dengan PHP dan MYSQL,” J. Siber Multi Disiplin, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 68–82, 2024, doi: 10.38035/jsmd.v2i2.156.
A. D. F. Fikri, “PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PERIZINAN SANTRI BERBASIS WEBSITE MENGGUNAKAN PHP NATIVE DI PONDOK PESANTREN RAUDLATUL MUSTHOFA,” J. Inform. dan Tek. Elektro Terap., vol. 13, no. 3, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.23960/jitet.v13i3.7108.
K. A. Obayes and A. Hamzah, “Using of prototyping in develop an employee information management,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 24, no. November, p. 100557, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.measen.2022.100557.
A. H. Obaid, “Using Prototypes in Agile Software Development,” no. 3, pp. 23–38.
N. Alamsyah, M. Muflih, M. E. Rosadi, A. Ariani, and R. Agustina, “Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna (User-Centered) Sistem E-Commerce Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online Pada Mahasiswa FTI UNISKA Banjarmasin,” Smart Comp Jurnalnya Orang Pint. Komput., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 104–112, 2024, doi: 10.30591/smartcomp.v13i1.5933.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
