EVALUASI AKURASI PRODUK CURAH HUJAN SATELIT GPM IMERG, GSMAP, PERSIANN-CCS, DAN HIMAWARI-9 DI MALANG RAYA
Abstract
Data curah hujan yang akurat sangat krusial untuk mitigasi bencana hidrometeorologi, khususnya di wilayah topografi kompleks seperti Malang Raya. Produk satelit (SPPs) menjadi alternatif observasi permukaan, namun akurasinya bervariasi bergantung pada algoritma dan orografi lokal. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi performa empat produk satelit (GPM IMERG, GSMaP, PERSIANN-CCS, dan Himawari-9) terhadap observasi stasiun hujan otomatis (ARG) pada skala per jam, harian, dan dasarian selama 2023–2025. Evaluasi spasial dan kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan metrik kontinu dan kategorial. Hasilnya mengonfirmasi efek temporal smoothing, di mana akurasi seluruh produk meningkat seiring bertambahnya periode akumulasi. GPM IMERG konsisten menunjukkan performa terbaik di seluruh skala (Critical Success Index/CSI harian = 0,514; dasarian = 0,771) dengan ketahanan spasial tertinggi. Sebaliknya, GSMaP gagal menangkap presipitasi pada resolusi tinggi. Himawari-9 memiliki kemampuan deteksi kejadian hujan tertinggi (Probability of Detection/POD dasarian = 0,869), namun mengalami overestimation masif (Relative Bias > 600%) akibat misinterpretasi awan orografis. Kesimpulannya, IMERG merupakan produk paling andal yang direkomendasikan untuk sistem peringatan dini bencana dan aplikasi hidrologi di Malang Raya.
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