ALGORITMA HYBRID ASTRONOMIS-SENSOR UNTUK SOLAR TRACKER SINGLE-AXIS BERBASIS SENSOR UV: PERANCANGAN DAN EVALUASI KINERJA

kadek endri saputra

doi:10.23960/jitet.v14i3.10678

kadek endri saputra
Politeknik negeri sriwijaya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23960/jitet.v14i3.10678

Keywords Solar tracker, algoritma hybrid, sensor UV, energi terbarukan

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Abstract

Abstrak. Sistem solar tracker berbasis sensor konvensional seperti Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) menghadapi keterbatasan signifikan pada kondisi cuaca berawan karena tidak mampu membedakan sumber cahaya matahari dari gangguan cahaya lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan algoritma hybrid astronomis-sensor yang menggabungkan Solar Position Algorithm (SPA) dengan koreksi umpan balik real-time menggunakan sensor Ultraviolet (UV) GUVA-S12SD pada sistem solar tracker single-axis berbasis ESP32. Algoritma hybrid menerapkan transisi otomatis antara empat mode operasi—astronomikal, hybrid stabil, koreksi UV, dan siaga—berdasarkan intensitas UV dan nilai error sensor secara real-time. Mekanisme dead-zone diimplementasikan untuk mengeliminasi osilasi motor (hunting), kelemahan klasik metode on-off konvensional. Hasil pengujian lapangan di Palembang, Sumatera Selatan menunjukkan sistem meningkatkan produksi energi harian rata-rata 28,4% dibandingkan panel statis pada cuaca cerah, dan 19,7% pada cuaca berawan parsial, dengan akurasi tracking RMSE 1,8° pada cuaca cerah. Sistem juga berhasil menyuplai kebutuhan daya operasional tambak ikan berbasis IoT secara berkelanjutan selama pengujian. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan hybrid astronomis-UV memberikan solusi yang lebih adaptif dan andal dibandingkan metode tunggal berbasis sensor maupun algoritma astronomikal semata.

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