Pemetaan Partisipatif dan Paradoks Kebenaran dalam Kartografi Demokratis
Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi geospasial, GeoWeb, dan volunteered geographic information (VGI) memperluas partisipasi publik dalam penerapan pengetahuan spasial, namun pengembangan akses ini tidak menjamin pemerataan otoritas dalam menentukan kebenaran kartografis. Penelitian ini menyusun sebuah kerangka konseptual untuk menjelaskan paradoks kebenaran dalam kartografi demokratis, yaitu persoalan heterogenitas informasi yang muncul akibat meningkatnya partisipasi publik dalam pemetaan, dan usaha platform untuk menyeleksi, menstandarkan, agar informasi pada peta tetap stabil dan dapat dipercaya. Melalui peninjauan literatur tentang pemetaan partisipatif, PPGIS, VGI, dan GeoWeb, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan empat domain kajian teoritis, yaitu kartografi demokratis, demokratisasi epistemik, stabilisasi epistemik, dan tata kelola platform, untuk mengidentifikasi proses pembentuk paradoks tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketimpangan partisipasi, mekanisme penyaringan data, serta desain antarmuka dan algoritma menjadi tiga mekanisme utama yang membentuk paradoks kebenaran. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merumuskan empat proposisi tentang pluralisasi kebenaran, pemusatan kembali otoritas epistemik, bias partisipasi, dan terbentuknya ilusi konsensus melalui visualisasi. Kerangka konseptual ini menunjukkan bahwa perluasan partisipasi dalam pemetaan tidak otomatis menghasilkan proses pengetahuan yang lebih demokratis. Selain memperkaya kajian kartografi kritis dan VGI, kerangka ini juga memberikan arahan praktis bagi perancang platform dan pembuat kebijakan untuk mengembangkan mekanisme partisipasi dan validasi yang lebih inklusif dan peka terhadap ketimpangan.
Kata kunci: Kartografi Demokratis, Kebenaran Kartografis, Pemetaan Partisipatif, VGI
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