Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Bersirkulasi dan Pembukaan Katup pada Proses Quenching Terhadap Nilai Impak Baja AISI 1045
Abstract
Baja AISI 1045 merupakan baja karbon sedang dengan kadar karbon 0,45%. Karakteristik baja ini dapat dimodifikasi melalui perlakuan panas, salah satunya proses quenching. Proses ini melibatkan pemanasan hingga 800°C dengan waktu tahan 15 menit, kemudian didinginkan cepat menggunakan variasi media pendingin tersirkulasi dan bukaan katup yang berbeda. Media pendingin yang digunakan meliputi air, larutan garam, dan solar, masing-masing dengan bukaan katup 180°, 90°, dan 45°. Pengujian sifat mekanik dilakukan menggunakan metode Charpy impact test. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai impak raw material sebesar 0,154 J/mm². Setelah proses quenching, nilai impak pada media air berturut-turut sebesar 0,558; 0,570; dan 0,591 J/mm², pada larutan garam sebesar 0,504; 0,516; dan 0,525 J/mm², serta pada solar sebesar 0,637; 0,660; dan 0,670 J/mm². Struktur makro hasil fraktografi menunjukkan patahan crystalline dan fibrous. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa media pendingin solar dengan bukaan katup 45° menghasilkan nilai impak tertinggi, sehingga direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan ketangguhan baja AISI 1045.
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