Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin

Cover Jurnal FEMA Vol.2 No.2 April Tahun 2014

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Halaman Sampul Jurnal FEMA Vol.2 No.2 April 2014

Susunan Dewan Redaksi

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Susunan Personalia Dewan Redaksi untuk terbitan Vol.2 No.2 April 2014

Halaman Daftar Isi

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Halaman Daftar Isi

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN ALKALI TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK DIGUNAKAN PADA KOMPOSIT SERAT TKKS

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Empty Palm bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by industrial palm oil plantations which contain lots of fiber and is one of the natural fiber source that the availability of abundant in Indonesia, especially in the province of Lampung. TKKS fiber can be used as an alternative amplifier to composite materials. This research was conducted to determine the influence of the chemical composition of TKKS fiber and know the tensile strength from TKKS fiber by doing a tensile test. Alkaline treatment NaOH 5% given to fiber to separate lignin and contaminants that contained in fiber so that it can increase the tensile strength fibers. TKKS fiber is obtained processing palm oil factory by the process of boiling oil palm fresh fruit bunches with a pressure of 2.5 until 3atm at temperature 130 C during 50 – 60 minutes. TKKS already parsed and then selected and measured with a length of 6 cm and a diameter of 0.2 mm. And then given an alkaline NaOH 5%. In this research on the treatment of alkaline NaOH 5% provided that treatment during 0 hours (without treatment), 2 hour, 4 hour, 6 hour. Results from the study found that fiber tensile strength affected by the chemical composition on the fiber, the higher the tensile strength of the cellulose content is increasingly high. Tensile strength in fiber with alkali treatment 2 hours of 0,03528 Mpa, 0,3996% strain, 0,088288 MPa elasticity modulus, if compared with fiber without alkali treatment of 0,018946 MPa tensile strength, 0,2056% strain, 0,092149 MPa elasticity modulus. This is due to the levels of cellulose fibers with alkali treatment 2 hours increased by 58,2808%, if compared with fiber without alkali treatment by 13,2848%

PENGARUH VARIASI NORMALITAS NaOH PADA AKTIVASI BASAFISIK ZEOLIT PELET PEREKAT TERHADAP PRESTASI SEPEDA MOTOR BENSIN 4-LANGKAH

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Natural zeolite is an alternative adsorbent. It needs firstly to be activated before using it as absorbent in order to get zeolite with high adsorption capacity. Previously, the use of pelletized zeolite activated by NaOH-physic and KOH-physic with varied normalities was only performed in a diesel engine to observe the engine performance.

In this study there were two kinds of activation, that is chemical activation with NaOH activator variation on the normality of 0.25 N, 0.5 N, 0.75 N, and 1.0 N and physical activation with using a temperature of 220 °C for 2 hours. All are made in the form of adhesive zeolite pellets with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 3 mm.

From the test results and analysis showed that the use of chemically activated zeolite can improve the performance of 4-stroke petrol engine when compared without using zeolite. The best performance in this experiment obtained at the normality of 0,75 N. At road test, the pelletized zeolite can reduce the fuel consumption 23, 15 %, and 16,51 % at stationary test, and increase acceleration by 14,77 %.
Keywords: zeolite adsorbent, variation of normality, activator of NaOH

PERILAKU KOROSI PANAS BAJA AISI 4130 PADA TEMPERATUR 750 O C DALAM LINGKUNGAN ATMOSFER YANG MENGANDUNG KLOR DAN SULFUR

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Steel is the main material of an industry. In a world of steel metallurgy has a character different from the microstructure to mechanical properties. It is therefore very important to know well the character of a steel that can be used as needed. If it is not appropriate in selecting a material, there will be a failure. In this study the oxidation testing AISI 4130 steel at a temperature of 750 C in NaCl/Na2SO4 environment. Tests performed to see the length of time gain against corrosion, and oxidation product analyzes performed by the method of X-RD, SEM/EDS and OM. These results indicate that the oxide formed shows : Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, and Cr2O , the steel surface is almost the same for all the specimens were oxidized in a different environment. The existence of deposits of NaCl and Na2SO4 deposits on the surface of AISI 4130 steel can accelerate the oxidation process at high temperature. The existence of chlorine gas and sulfur gas in the atmosphere causing the surface layers of AISI 4130 steel is oxidized more rapidly than those occurring in ordinary air environment. Damage to the surface layer of AISI 4130 steel is exacerbated by the growth of iron rich oxide (Fe2O3) on the protective layer. Formation is accelerated by reaction Fe and FeOCr2O3 formation on AISI 4130 steel with a deposit of NaCl and Na2SO4 deposits.

Keywords: Steel AISI 4130, NaCl deposit, Na2SO4, deposits, Fe2O3

PEMBUATAN SISTEM ROBOTIKA SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI PERGERAKAN KAMERA SECARA AUTONOMOUS

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Automation systems are a manifestation of the concept of science that led to development of nowadays technology. In general automation is concept of human science that is used to run a process where there is no longer direct human intervention ranging from the beginning of the process until completion. This research is intended to create a automated a robotic system camera pan and tilt movements with a view to be implemented into a variety of forms of applications, such as KAP (Kite Aerial Photography), security camera, stealth cam, camera traps and etc. This research uses some mechanicsm of rigging as a medium for system the camera Arduino microcontroller is used as the controller of the controlling the camera movement. The system of controlled the movement of the camera by using time delay. The results showed that the robotics system of this research has succeeded in making a camera capable of autonomous moving to state time delay.
Keywords: Microcontroller, Robotics Systems, Camera Movement.

Pengaruh Gerak Makan Dan Kecepatan Putaran Terhadap Aus Pahat HSS Pada Pengeboran Baja ASTM A1011 Menggunakan Pelumas Minyak Goreng

2014-09-03T03:00:50+00:00

Pahat HSS yang digunakan dalam proses pengeboran memiliki umur dan tidak dapat digunakan secara terus menerus. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi umur pahat diataranya keausan pahat. Untuk menentukan keausan pahat pahat bor biasanya operator mesin hanya melakukan secara visual atau meraba pada bagian ujung mata pahat. Cara ini yang sering dilakukan pada dunia industri dikarenakan keterbatasan alat dan efisiensi waktu dalam proses produksi. Dalam penelitian ini pengaruh kecepatan putaran (n), gerak makan (f) terhadap terbentuknya keausan tepi pahat HSS, dianalisis dengan dua metode, yaitu metode kualitatif (grafik) dan metode kuantitatif (statis) dengan metode analisis variasi (ANOVA). Dalam penelitian ini, proses pengeboran menggunakan pahat HSS dan material uji baja ASTM A1011 dengan ketebalan material 10 mm. Dalam proses pengujian, gerak makan (f) yang digunakan adalah 0,1 mm/rev, 0,18 mm/rev,0,24 mm/rev sedangkan kecepatan putaran (n) yang digunakan adalah 443 rpm, 635 rpm, 970 rpm.
Dari hasil pengujian secara kualitatif didapat bahwa peningkatan gerak makan (f) akan meningkatkan keausan tepi pahat HSS. Begitu pula peningkatan nilai kecepatan putaran (n) akan meningkatkan keauasan tepi pahat HSS. Dari metode ANOVA ( pengujian kuantitatif) dengan menggunakan program diperoleh hasil bahwa kecepatan putaran (n), dan gerak makan (f) secara bersama-sama mempunyai pengaruh timbulnya keausan pahat, namun secara signifikan hanya gerak makan yang berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya keausan tepi pahat HSS. Pada penelitian ini gerak makan (f) mempunyai pengaruh paling besar terhadap timbulnya keausan tepi yaitu 50,01% sedangkan kecepatan putaran hanya berpengaruh sebesar 37,42% terhadap timbulnya keausan tepi pahat HSS.
Kata Kunci : kecepatan putaran (n), gerak makan (f), keausan pahat, baja ASTM A1011,
ANNOVA

Aplikasi Cairan Pelumas Untuk Mengurangi Tingkat Keausan Mata Bor Pada Pengeboran Pelat ASTM A1011 Menggunakan Mata Bor HSS

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Seiring dengan perkembangan serta kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, mengakibatkan berkembangnya pula bidang-bidang kegiatan manusia. Salah satunya adalah berkembangnya bidang industri permesinan. Proses permesinan yang dilakukan secara terus menerus misalnya pada pengeboran akan menyebabkan aus nya mata bor yang digunakan, karena adanya peningkatan suhu pemesinan. Perlu adanya perlakuan khusus untuk menurunkan suhu pemesinan yang terjadi. Penggunaan beberapa jenis cairan pendingin seperti oli sintetis dan minyak kelapa diharapkan dapat menurunkan suhu permesinan sehingga mengurangi keausan yang terjadi pada mata bor HSS yang digunakan. Diaplikasikan dengan cara menyemprotkan cairan pelumas secara terus-menerus pada permukaan benda kerja yang bersinggungan dengan mata bor pada kecepatan putaran (n) konstan pada 443 rpm, sedangkan variasi pada gerak makan (f) sebesar 0.1 mm/rev, 0.18 mm/rev serta 0.24 mm/rev. Umur pakai mata bor yang didapat pada pengujian tanpa pelumas dengan putaran (n) = 443, gerak makan (f) = 0.1 mm/rev serta nilai keausan mata bor (vb) = 0.3 mm adalah 2.02 menit. Untuk penggunaan oli sintetis dengan kecepatan putaran dan gerak makan yang sama, didapat umur pakai mata bor selama 4.71 menit atau meningkat sebesar 54%. Peningkatan itu dibandingkan pada proses pengeboran tanpa menggunakan cairan pelumas. Sedangkan dengan penggunaan minyak kelapa, umur pakai mata bor selama 4.05 menit atau meningkat sebesar 48%. Dengan demikian nampak jelas bahwa penggunaan cairan pelumas mampu menurunkan tingkat keausan mata bor, terutama pada penggunaan oi sintetis.
Kata Kunci : keausan mata bor HSS, gerak makan, cairan pelumas.

Aplikasi Udara Dingin Vortex Tubepada Pembubutan Baja ST 41 Menggunakan Pahat HSS

2014-09-03T03:00:51+00:00

Pahat merupakan komponen utama dalam proses pemesinan selain mesin bubut dan benda kerja. Umur pahat merupakan suatu data pemesinan yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan pemesinan. Vortextube merupakan alat yang dapat memisahkan aliran udara yang bertekanan menjadi udara panas dan dingin. Dalam penelitian ini pengaruh kecepatan potong, gerak makan, dan kedalaman potong terhadap keausan pahat yang digunakan akan diteliti. Metode Taguchi digunakan menganalisa faktor yang paling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keausan. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis secara kualitatif (grafik) dan kuantitatif (statistic) dengan metode analisa varian (ANOVA).
Dalam penelitian ini, proses pembubutan menggunakan pahat HSS dan material benda kerja baja ST 41. Dalam proses pengujian, gerak makan (f) yang digunakan adalah 0,09 mm/rev, 0,12 mm/rev,0,18 mm/rev, sedangkan kecepatan potong (v) yang digunakan adalah 58,72 mm/min, 86,35 m/min, 113,25 m/min dan untuk kedalaman potong (a) 1,0 mm, 1,5 mm, 2,0 mm. Udara dingin vortextube yang sudah ada dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya yaitu suhu 15º dan tekanan udara 5 bar/psi. Dari analisa varian yang dilakukan, kecepatan potong memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keausan pahat. Kondisi parameter pemesinan yang optimal diperoleh pada kecepatan potong (v): 58,72, gerak makan (f) 0,09 mm/rev dan kedalaman potong (a) : 1,0 mm dengan umur pahat mencapai 139 menit. Laju keausan tepi pahat semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya kecepatan potong. Dari analisa S/N ratio diperoleh parameter pemesinan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap keausan pahat adalah kecepatan potong dengan nilai kontribusi = 0,024 karena tidak melebihi > 0,05.
Kata Kunci : keausan pahat, Metode Taguchi, baja ST 41, pahat HSS, kecepatan potong

PENGARUH VARIASI MASSA DAN TEMPERATUR AKTIVASI FLY ASH PELET DARI CANGKANG DAN SERABUT KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR SEPEDA MOTOR BENSIN 4 LANGKAH

2014-09-03T03:00:51+00:00

Energy determines the development and sustainability of economic system, social change and political growth in a country. Because of that, the energy crisis is the crisis of growth and sustainability of life system. Auto-vehicle is a certain transportation mode which an engine requiring fuel. To decrease the fuel consumption, we can use the natural resource like fly ash of shell and fiber of palm. The objective of this research is to observe the effect of the variation of mass and activation temperature in producing pelletized fly ash on performance and emission of a four-stroke petrol motorcycle.
This research was done by implementing several variations of test, those were test of fuel comsumption at speed of 50km/hour for 5 km and stationer at 1500, 3500, and 5000 rpm. The fly ash used in this research was 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thicknes. Those fly ash were wrapped in a frame and put in an air filter of New Jupiter Z 110 cc. So the combustion air fistly contacted with the fly ash before entering into the combustion chamber.
From the results, the best fly ash mass used P•—nƒì ?‡ and the best temperature activation is 175 oC. Those fly ash can save the fuel consumption by 17.23 % (road test) and 20.06% (stasioner test).

Keywords : fly ash adsorbent, combustion air treatment, emission

KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH PANJANG CHORD SUDU TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN HELIK UNTUK SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH)

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All this time microhydro power plants (MHP) created a resource use of water flow has high fall of water (head) while for areas that have stream of river but do not have high fall of water (head) still a lot of untapped but has potential hydrokinetic be able rotating turbine. This is what lies behind the research conducted to determine the effect of chord length on the performance of the helical turbine which is expected to come helical turbine performance as the optimum use of the potential hydrokinetic. Helical turbine tested had dimensions of 1.2 m high and 1 m in diameter, blade profile NACA 0030, chord length 15 cm, 20 cm and 25 cm with number of blades 3 pieces. Tests performed on the irrigation canals that open to varying water velocity of 0.52 m/s, 0.68 m/s and 0.8 m/s. From the test results obtained helical turbine performance as follows. The largest torque obtained in water velocity of 0.52 m/s, 0.68 m/s and 0.8 m/s is 3.89 Nm, 27.09 Nm and 39.38 Nm is the chord length of the turbine with 25cm and the smallest torque on the chord length of 15 cm of 2.31 Nm. Power largest turbine in the water velocity of 0.52 m/s, 0.68 m/s and 0.8 m/s is 7.12 Watt, 60.41Watt and 103.96 Watt, turbine that is on the chord length of 25 cm and the smallest turbine power chord length of 15 cm by 3.58 watts. Largest turbine efficiency at water velocity of 0.52 m/s, 0.68 m/s and 0.8 m/s is 8.44%, 32.02% and 33.84% in the turbine with a chord length of 25 cm and efficiency the smallest turbines on the chord length of 15 cm of 1,17%.

Keywords : microhydro, water turbine, helical turbine, chord length, helical turbine performance

KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH BENTUK SUDU TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN HELIK UNTUK SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKRO HIDRO (PLTMH)

2014-09-03T03:00:51+00:00

Electric energy demand in Indonesia is currently growing and is still dominated by energy-based fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal. Fossil fuels are not renewable energy, so that when exploited continuously then fossil fuel reserves will be exhausted.
In addition there are also areas where geographical conditions which do not allow the electrical networks up to the community. It needs to be made an effort to supply electrical energy needs by utilizing existing and potential conditions on the area such as energy of water flow. One of the turbines that can be used to harness the energy of water flow is helical turbines. The parameters for the use of a turbine is one form of helical blades (NACA), where the form of the blades (NACA) it affects the style of the lift and drag forces helical turbines. On the research study was performed experimentally on effect shape of blade of the helical turbine blades form by varying the shape of turbine blades NACA 0020, 0025 and 0030 with number of blades as much as 3 pieces for each form of blades. From the results of testing the turbine efficiency is obtained by helical 33,97% on the operation of the turbine blades with NACA helical 0030 and water flow rate of 0.8 m/s with a given light load of 130 Watts.

Keywords : water turbines, micro hydro, the helical turbine, water power.